نشریه پژوهش انحرافات و مسائل اجتماعی
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 5، پاییز 1401)

The general view of family violence is usually referred to violence by men against women or other family members, but reports in this field show that sometimes men are victimized by women's violence. The main objective of this research is the sociological explanation of women's violence against men. This research was conducted in a qualitative method and data was analyzed with the method of ground theory. The sample includes married men who have experienced violence in Tehran. The method of selecting the samples was purposeful and the sample volume reached saturation during the research after the 10th interview. The analyzes were done by three types of open coding, central coding and selective coding. The findings of the research include: background conditions affecting women's violence against men, including: 1- cultural issues, 2- social issues, 3- financial issues, 4- occupational and organizational conditions, 5- mental and psychological problems in the family, 6- history of addiction. In the family, 7- Knowledge of life skills; Intervening factors affecting the strategy of women's violence against men include: 1- personality difference, 2- cultural difference, 3- age difference, 4- difference in financial issues, 5- difference in the type of need, 6- marital beliefs, 7- gender beliefs; Causal conditions affecting women's violence against men include: 1- broken relationships, 2- intertwined relationships, 3- inappropriate family experiences, 4- occupational-organizational factors, 5- communication problems at work, 6- social factors, 7- cultural factors; Action and interaction strategies are: 1- Unhealthy communication behaviors 2- Retaliatory interaction pattern 3- Lack of love and intimacy; The consequences are: 1- Psychological injuries 2- The lack of power of the man in the family 3- Separation 4- Risky behaviors 5- Damage to the children 6- Weakening of the family foundation 7- Lack of household financial management; The research results show the existence of violence against men in the family and the consequences of this type of violence weaken the family institution.

The purpose of this research is the sociologically study of cohabitation phenomenon in Tehran city. In recent years, family institution has experienced many changes which one of them is known cohabitation as a new emerging style of common life. According to nature and subject qualitative research is considered and a purposeful method of sampling and snowball sampling are applied for achieving to theoretical saturation; therefore, in this research 60 person of that experienced cohabitation in 17th Area of Tehran were interviewed. The analyzing of data is based on grounded theory method. The impact factors in the phenomenon of cohabitation can be classified in three categories. The findings show that the following factors have the most impact, including; economic factors (unemployment, lack of job security, costs of marriage) legal factors (the responsibility of marriage, unfair contract between partners and so on) social factors (social changes, generation oppositions, sexual abnormalities and the increasing of conflicts in the society).

The sexual revolution of the late 1960s led to a change in sexual discourse and a fundamental change in sexual attitudes, ethics and behavior in many western countries. One of the most important consequences has been the expansion of premarital sexual relations in these countries. This pattern of premarital sexual relations gradually spread to other parts of the world. This transformation demythologized sexual relations and, in addition to increasing the age of marriage, created the grounds for the emergence of cohabitation. Islamic Iran has not been spared from these changes and nearly in the two decades, there have been whispers of the prevalence of this marriage model in Iran that result provoked researches with qualitative method in general. The present article aimed to better understand this phenomenon and illustrate a general picture of cohabitation status in Iran by combining the studies with qualitative method. Ultra-combination method applied in this study. In most important Persian database during years 2001-2021 limit searched key words cohabitation, housemate, coexistence, and white marriage. Out of collection of articles, only 14 papers were found that matched to entrance criterion. Cohabitation in Iran popularized among urban middle classes, young age groups and university graduates. World experiences indicates increase the phenomenon. Due to illegal and severe punishment in Iran,, there is not information about of its amount; But survey attitude data obtained by national survey in 2011th decade indicate there is an increase compliance with phenomenon at the attitude level. In the analysis of this phenomenon, it is necessary to pay attention to different types of coexistence. We are faced with at least two types of cohabitation; first type can be classified mostly in the form of a type of premarital relationship model, and in the second type, cohabitation is considered as an alternative to marriage.

The role of regional and spatial inequalities, especially the role of inequalities in the border areas of the country, has been given less attention in the issue of migration. Although Iran's border areas have strategic importance from economic, social, and political aspects, and Ignoring paying less attention to these areas can have irreparable consequences in various sectors. This research aims to investigate the situation of Iran's border regions in terms of spatial inequalities and what effect these inequalities have on migration from these regions. In order to measure the spatial inequality among the border counties, the data of the general population and housing census of 2016 and other related findings have been used. Factor analysis has been used to weight and combine indicators and create spatial inequality. Arc Pro software was used for zoning and stratification of counties based on the dimensions of inequality and migration, and GWR statistical method was used to analyze the relationship between inequality and migration. The results show that inequality is higher in the eastern and southeastern counties compared to other places. Also, 66% of Iran's border counties have a negative migration balance. The geographically weighted regression model shows that 67% of the changes in the net migration variable are explained by independent variables, and based on the average value presented, the population structure factor and the economic factor have the greatest effect on the net migration in border counties. Also, the effectiveness of factors for migration is different in different regions of the country.

Media has been a significant role to shape the thoughts, beliefs, values, culture and awareness. Today with the intelligent use of media, it is possible to introduce social issues, prevent and confrontation. Addiction is one of the most common social issues that trouble our country. Therefore, addiction prevention can play an important role in reducing social harm. According to its social responsibility, the national media has always sought to confront and fight against social harms, including addiction. The documentary "Shock" was among the programs that were produced and broadcasted on the third channel of national TV in order to deal with addiction. The present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the performance of Shock documentary. The theoretical framework of this theory was based on theories of social responsibility, framing and Tannehill's health model. The research method, quantitative content analysis and data collection tools were reverse questionnaire. 8 programs in the period of 18 months from the beginning of 2019 to September of 2019 were selected purposely. The findings show: the type of attitude towards addiction is mainly patient-oriented and the approach of the program emphasizes primary prevention. The way of modeling about the prevention of addiction, introduction of risk factors, and industrial drugs have received more attention. Also, according to the results of this research, friends and therapeutic motivations were among the factors of tendency towards addiction.

Nowadays, the problem of garbage collection in Iran has become one of the serious phenomenon and problems in the form that it is manifested in all the cities and metropolises of the country. The problem of garbage collection possesses environmental, economic and social dimensions. The present study tries to narrate the life issues of garbage pickers in Tehran using an interpretive approach. The theoretical view of the research is based on a critical approach and the use of Agamben's Homosacer concept. The research method is based on the fundamental qualitative method and the use of semi-structured interview and observation techniques. Thematic analysis is used to analyze the data. The findings of the research show that garbage pickers face with many problems such as nutrition, sleep, addiction, etc. and they have unequal working relationships with contractors. Garbage pickers are mostly men, immigrants, low-educated or illiterate and live in different places such as streets, worker accommodation centers, outskirts of cities and with their families. Garbage picking as a job is related to other social problems of the city like social inequalities urban consumption, child labor and black holes of urban waste. Urban garbage collectors, like other damaged and marginalized social groups, are the concept of urban homosuckers. Such people are not included in official support.